Module Overview
This module examines the environmental challenge posed by antibiotic contamination in water and its connection to the global rise of antimicrobial resistance, using Tetracycline as a model pollutant. It introduces photocatalytic degradation using Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as a promising treatment approach while discussing its key performance limitations. The module then explores strategies to enhance photocatalytic efficiency, including combining TiO₂ with porous materials such as Zeolites and Metal–organic frameworks and applying iron sensitisation to enable visible-light activation. Through experimental results and comparative analysis, participants learn how material design influences photocatalytic performance and its potential application in real-world water treatment systems.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this module, participants will be able to:
- Explain the environmental impact of antibiotic contamination and its link to antimicrobial resistance using Tetracycline as a representative contaminant.
- Describe the principles of photocatalysis and the role of Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) in advanced oxidation processes for water treatment.
- Evaluate the limitations of conventional TiO₂ photocatalysts and discuss strategies to enhance their activity.
- Compare the role of porous supports such as Zeolites and Metal–organic frameworks in improving photocatalytic performance.
- Assess how material modifications such as iron sensitisation can extend photocatalytic activity into the visible-light range and improve pollutant degradation efficiency.
- Relate photocatalyst design strategies to practical applications in environmental remediation and sustainable water treatment.


















